Philosophy Of Religion Critically Evaluating The...

Philosophy of Religion Critically evaluating the Argument from Design C3182916, Paul Sater, University of Newcastle Callaghan Essay one The Argument from design or also known as the Teleological argument (Telos: Purpose, Teleology: Study of something’s purpose or design) is endowed on the assumption of a God or creator which has intelligently and elegantly designed the universe to such intricate and fine detail. In which argues that something so immaculately designed for example the structural complexity and delegacy of the eye, can only be as a direct result of an intelligent designer or (God). The argument from design is a collection of empirical and inductive arguments that identify characteristics found in natural objects and infer God as the cause. The Argument from design is analogous in nature and can be envisioned through key philosopher William Paley (1743-1809). With his argument of intelligent design acknowledged as the â€Å"classical† statement in coupled with his natural theology (1802). Additionally we will explore other forms of the argument from design in a more contemporary version. These consist of Hugh Ross’ Fine-tuning of the universe in reference to his published book The Creator and the Cosmos (1999), and the explanation of how the theory of evolution by natural selection attempts to account for the rise in complex organisms and natural structures without inferring to the concept of an intelligent designer. Lastly, exploring a critical discussion ofShow MoreRelatedSchoology Essay Example1454 Words   |  6 Pagesartistic works and performances. Students learn to synthesize information from multiple sources, develop their own perspectives in research-based written essays, and design and deliver oral and visual presentations, both individually and as part of a team. Ultimately, the course aims to equip students with the power to analyze and evaluate information with accuracy and precision in order to craft and communicate evidence-based arguments.† Student end of course goals: †¢ Engaging students with rigorousRead MoreThe Contributions Of Descartes And Hume3394 Words   |  14 PagesDescartes and Hume towards the issue of establishing: the existence of God Introduction: Arguments for and against the existence of god have been proposed by philosophers, theologians, scientists and others for thousands of years. In Philosophy, these arguments involve primarily the disciplines of Epistemology and Ontology and can be categorized as metaphysical, logical, empirical, or subjective. The epistemic arguments place different restrictions on our ability have knowledge, some arguing for conditionsRead MoreCritical Analysis of Consumer Decision-Making Process Model5350 Words   |  22 PagesABSTRACT As the market place is changing, the purpose of this report is to critically analyse 2 chosen consumer decision process models, the KBM model by Kotler, Bowen and Makens (2006) and the BEM model by Blackwell, Miniard and Engel (2006) if they are vague or/ and all-encompassing in hospitality industry today with relevant industry examples. Secondary research is used to conduct data to support the author’s argument. Consumer behaviour in hospitality industry today is changing by the impactRead MoreTravel and Tourism Administration Program Structure20692 Words   |  83 Pagesanalysis and design, and demonstrate practical competence in a range of current software systems as well as adapt and learn new evolving technologies as to be able to implement them afterwards in the workplace. Excellent prospects are offered to graduates who will work for a small to medium-sized firms whose line of business is not necessarily technical. Our graduates will be able to apply themselves in a variety of tasks and contribute to the overall IT section of the firm. They will design, buildRead MoreConvergence, Divergence or Middle of the Path: Hrm Model6579 Words   |  27 PagesJournal of Management Policy and Practice vol. 12(1) 2011 HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT AT FIRM LEVEL: EVOLVING PARADIGMS Nothing has moved as fast as in the last twenty five years for the discipline of human resource management. It has come a long way from a reactive, bureaucratic people management function (being called as personnel management) to a proactive and strategic human resource management. The shift in the paradigm has been forced by economic, business and socio-political factors but the changedRead MoreEthics And Professional Responsibilities Applied8100 Words   |  33 Pagesfavorable for them to choose to do when they are not obliged to do so (Norman, 2011, p.1). When fraud happens, companies collapse more rapidly than its growth. Collapse resulting from the fraud not only destroys the companies, but also may results the shareholders investments impossible to recover. Many stakeholders will also suffer from the loss due to the fraudulent information. As a result, ethical problems become paramount in business practice. 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It also presented the challenges and directions of the company in its future development in China -1- MA MANAGEMENT DISSERTATION XIAOFENG WEN Acknowledgements Read MorePerformance Appraisal17716 Words   |  71 Pagesis the systematic evaluation of the individual with respect to his or her performance on the job and his or her potential for development. A more comprehensive definition is: Performance appraisal is a formal structured system of measuring and evaluating an employee’s job related behaviors and outcomes to discover how and why the employee is presently performing on the job and how the employee can perform more effectively in the future so that the employee organization and society all benefit. TheRead MoreOrganisational Theory230255 Words   |  922 Pagesdilemmas. The book engages in an imaginative way with a wealth of organizational concepts and theories as well as provides insightful examples from the practical world of organizations. The authors’ sound scholarship and transparent style of writing set the book apart, making it an ingenious read which invites reflexivity, criticalness and pl urality of opinion from the audience. This is a book that will become a classic in organization studies. Mihaela L. Kelemen, Professor of Management Studies, Keele

The Radical Nature of Social Contract Theorists Essay

Man is increasingly intrigued by human nature and how society functions. Because of this interest, there is a plethora of concepts surrounding man and his condition. The social contract, an agreement among individuals where individuals must sacrifice something for protection, is a cornerstone in the operation of society. Over the years, various social contract theorists have worked to understand the ties that bind man. Karl Marx, Charles Darwin, and Friedrich Nietzsche, each felt constrained by their times, and because of this introduced radical concepts surrounding the social contract. Each of the philosophers’ revolutionary concepts challenges power and even though their arguments differ dramatically Nietzsche can be viewed as the most†¦show more content†¦According to Marx’s view of capitalism, every company works to make a profit, because without profit there is no reason to exist. He said that labor is a commodity that carries an exchange value to be trade d for something else, but questioned how profit is made if commodities exchange in equilibrium. His answer was that profit is made when workers are exploited, or work part of the time without pay. Marx believed that if there were no workers there would be no profit and ultimately no capitalism. The issue is that human suffering, however, is good for business according to Marx. People are born into a preexisting system, because the economy forces people into social relations and roles, and because of this, workers truly felt that they would never become free from the capitalist class unless they had the ability to produce a living. Marx found this to be unjust and felt there should be a redistribution of wealth. Marx’s attack on capitalism, however, angered the bourgeois ruling class greatly, and his ideologies caused uproar. Marx was accused of overthrowing private property and capitalism, and leading the proletariat to rebel. He is noted to have caused working class upheaval s and political revolution. Karl Marx’s work was a disturbance to society, which is why heShow MoreRelatedCompare and Contrast Hobbes’s and Locke’s Views of the State of Nature and the Fundamental Purpose of Political Society. Whose View Is the More Plausible? Why?1564 Words   |  7 Pagesthe state of nature and the fundamental purpose of political society. Whose view is the more plausible? Why? Introduction Thomas Hobbes and John Locke were both natural law theorists and social contracts theorists. While most natural law theorists have predominantly been of the opinion that humans are social animals by nature, Locke and Hobbes had a different perspective. Their points of view were remarkably different from those perpetuated by other natural law theorists. On the otherRead MoreThe Tradition Of Dogma And Despotism938 Words   |  4 PagesThroughout the period dubbed the long century between 1685-1815. Scientific, political and philosophical understanding experienced a radical reconstruction. The venerable traditions of dogma and despotism began to be denounced and rebutted. Age-old political institutions became the focal point of intellectual discussion and the ideas developed from these debates formed the fundamental components of modern democracy and Communism. When discussing the Enlightenment, it is worthy to note that it didRead MoreTo What Extent Was The Enlightenment The Main Dri ving Force Behind The American And French Revolutions?1479 Words   |  6 Pagesprinciple cause for these revolutions was the radical ideas of the Enlightenment such as liberty, equality, and popular sovereignty. Without the ideas associated with and fostered by the Age of Enlightenment, it is highly likely that oppressive and unresponsive governments would not have been enough to spark revolutionary upheavals in North America and France. As mentioned, both the American and French revolutions were heavily influenced and catalyzed by the radical ideas of Enlightenment thinkers. AccordingRead MoreLocke and Rousseau Essay1785 Words   |  8 PagesLocke and Rousseau present themselves as two very distinct thinkers. They both use similar terms, but conceptualize them differently to fulfill very different purposes. As such, one ought not be surprised that the two theorists do not understand liberty in the same way. Locke discusses liberty on an individual scale, with personal freedom being guaranteed by laws and institutions created in civil society. By comparison, Rousseau’s conception portrays liberty as an affair of the entire politicalRead MoreImportance Of Jury Nullification1605 Words   |  7 Pagesof their rights and a complaint was written on the Declaration of Independence regarding this. The history and impact of jury nullification doesn’t stop there. Jury nullification continued and has played and continues to play a role in many moral social issues including crimes against African-Americans and homosexuals, prohibition, war on drugs, and euthanasia. There are two very strong opinions towards jurors here in the United States. The first group have the people who believe that jury nullificationRead MoreThe World Since The 1980s1154 Words   |  5 Pagesengineered to eradicate the global black population (Bratich, 2003). Unfortunately, this theory persists today, albeit marginally, due to ingrained social prejudices and misguided propagation by radical writers and other public figures who apparently endorse it, or at least want to hijack the public fear of it to promote an agenda (Bratich). The non-virus theorists fall into the camps of conspiracy who are convinced the virus was intentionally created and released, and collusion who believe that multipleRead MoreThe Privacy Of An Individual1700 Words   |  7 PagesBritish political theorist Jeremy Bentham once idealized a theory pertaining to an effective and democratic form of government, declaring that, â€Å"it is the greatest good to the greatest number of people which is th e measure of right and wrong.† The privacy of an individual is at its most a fundamental right to which one is entitled. Furthermore, the infringement of an individual’s privacy is rarely justified to any extent, even under circumstances with the purpose of protecting a nation because itRead MoreThe Three Sociologists: Marx, Durheim, and Weber1051 Words   |  5 Pagessuch as inequality and social change, also how they can relate to key events, for example the Olympics the Arab Spring and the 2011 riots. In addition to this how they help our understanding of current societies, times and events. A topic area which all three sociologists Marx, Durkheim and Weber argued and discussed in different views, was social inequality and social structure, all there sociologists had their own theories on what they would class social inequality and social structure as. Paul WattsRead MoreDemocracy As A Form Of Government1885 Words   |  8 PagesMan was born free, and he is everywhere in chains. (â€Å"The Social Contract Book 1†1) These chains symbolize the constant pulls and ties the people have in their every day life. The chains can symbolize: taxes, education, healthcare, democracy, social norms, and political authority. The chains can symbolize anything that makes man more obedient to the state rather than himself. Rousseau opens his book with the question if there is such thing as a legitimate political authority that will work forRead MoreCrime Is a Social Construct1370 Words   |  6 PagesCrime is a social construct Discuss. This composition will look at crime and its different criminological interpretations. Crime is an umbrella word which covers a diverse range of issues and is dependant upon the theoretical stand point of the writer. Although the wordings of the explanations differ, the implications are consistent (Newburn, 2007. Doherty, 2005). Mclaughlin et al (2006) seems the most relevant for the purpose. They separate crime into three key constituent parts. These are harm

System Science and Engineering Management - myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about theSystem Science and Engineering Management for Parramatta. Answer: Introduction In this project, a proposal has been made for the design and development of a light rail system that will be an extension to the existing Inner West Light Rail (also called the L1 Dulwich- Hill Line. The new light rail system will serve the Parramatta region of Western Sydney and is aimed at improving transport in the system and reducing the rising traffic levels in Sydney. The light rail line will run from Carlingford through the central business district of Parramatta and on to Westmead via the Pennant Hills, a distance of 8.6 kilometers (the light rail will be 8.9 km though). This is a major project that will cause significant disruptions, but is ultimately aimed at improving transit times within the slated route and helping with redevelopment and regeneration of various regions along the light rail line. Having made the initial rail transport proposal for the Carlingford-Westmead light rail through Parramatta, this paper is a critical analysis of the proposed design and design co ncepts, along with a detailed analysis of the design for the light rail line. After this introduction, the paper will discuss at length the preliminary design, justifying the design cues used. The design will then actualized and in depth critical analysis of the detailed design and development of the light rail line. This will be followed by an analysis and discussion of the tests for the system, along with its evaluation and optimization of the design. The report will then end with a conclusion Preliminary Design The first area of design is for the track and how it will be laid out; this section will focus only on the design principles for the track and not delve into the materials used for laying the light rail track. In the preliminary design, it is proposed that a series of tangents (straight lines) or rail track be used where permissible, and be joined by arcs and curves in the light rail system. The light rail is aimed at ensuring high speed, but safe transport system (Jingjing, Changjiang Ming 2013) (Vuchic, 2007). The concerns for the design include fast, safe and comfortable city transport, at an affordable cost; the main driver for the design is rapid transport. The light rail system is slated to have up to 15 stop overs along the way, which implies that a lot of time will be lost during scheduled stops along the light rail line. This therefore informs the need for the use of tangents as much as possible along the line. This will ensure that the light trains can achieve high speeds to enable rapid transit and achieve the goal of rapid transportation, while also compensating for the time inevitably lost during scheduled stopovers (Parsons, Brinckerhoff, Quade Douglas, 2012). The tangents will also ensure comfort and safety for the travelers. The curves and arches used to joining the tangents will enable continuity, but inevitably, are areas in which the light rail will lose speed and slow. However, the design principles require that the curves also enable sufficient speed while retaining safety and comfort features (Hoel, Garber Sadek, 2011), (Mitre Corporation, 1996). The minimum curve radius for light rails and railway lines will be maintained along with light rail elevation so as to maintain safe speeds in the curves. The light rail vertical curves are informed by the envisaged safe speed and comfort, along with cost implications and the geographical conditions along the light rail path. Between the tangents and the main curves, transition curves will be incorporated into the design because curves should not suddenly become straight. Instead, transition curves will be incorporated so that there is a gradual increase in radii over time, for a distance of between 40 and 80 meters for lines where maximum speeds of 65 MPH are possible. The transitioning will also be done for elevations and super elevation sections (Laughton Warne, 2003), (Hoel, Garber Sadek, 2011). The stop station lengths are designed based on the existing conditions, including availability of space and the population of the areas the light train will pass through. The desirable length is 75 feet; however, it is not possible however, to have all stations being of this length. Therefore, there will be a minimum station length, along with an absolute minimum length for the light rail line, with the minimum length being 60 feet and the absolute minimum being 45 feet. These have been used because of the need for a safe stop distance and based on an analysis of the specific conditions and the urban context of the light rail system (Hoel, Garber Sadek, 2011). The allocation of the three station length parameters are informed by the following; Requirements by passengers and staff as well as the requirements for facilities Requirements for transfers Requirements for security of the people and the place, as well as the interconnecting public spaces at the designated stations Design considerations are made for pedestrian access and the state of the light rail routes, Vis a Vis pedestrian and vehicular traffic. The station length is also designed based on the platform length and the concourse size. Detailed Design and Development The basic design principles will be observed, starting with the curves and tangents where the minimum radii and transitions curves as well as elevations and vertical curve requirements will be observed. The curves joining the light rail tangents are legislated by the rolling stocks mechanical ability to adjust to the light rail track curvature. The guidelines for the minimum radii of curvature will be governed by the North American standard of minimum radii of 125 meters. However, this will be determined by the prevailing conditions so that the light trains can maintain a speed above 24 km/hr. The proposed light rail is envisaged to operate a top speed of 65 miles per hour (MPH) where this is possible; the train will have an average weight of 54 tons. The force that trains exert on the tracks changes when negotiating curves. For this reason, the design incorporates vertical curves of the light rail line so that the crest curves are not too tight as if this happens; the train may dera il from the track as the track drops beneath it (Sheppard 2015). If the trough is too tight as well, the train can plough downwards into the rails, causing damage/ and or an accident. The vertical curves are therefore designed based on the supporting force principles. The support force [R] the train exerts on the track as a function of its mass [m], radius [r], and speed [v] is governed by the relation; R = mg +- mv2/r The + is for troughs and the for crests. To ensure passenger comfort, the g (the gravitational acceleration) as a ratio to the v2/r, the centripetal acceleration must be kept as small as is possible to ensure passengers don't feel large weight changes (Abe 2004). The proposed design of the power to weight ratio for the light rail is between 9 and 9.5 (HP per ton) The light rails will have a length of about 90 Ft. (articulated) that can carry 160 passengers at one go. The train will use electric propulsion For ease or embarking/ disembarking, the light rail system will be designed to be a low floor train system and have sufficient ground clearance The light rail must observe clearance from other facilities and circuits/ structures, in which case the minimum clearance as stipulated by the Australia Light Rail Regulated Electrical Utility Network Code of 2016. The separations and clearances with regard to other structures must comply with the parts 2 and 3 of Public Safety Utility networks Regulation of 2001 based on the Utilities Act 2000. The overhead electric line designs must also comply with the AS/NZS 7000 section 3 Overhead line designs with the detailed procedures followed and the EN 50122-1 applications for railway, electrical safety, return circuit, and earthing; this is to ensure there are sufficient provisions to protect against electrical shocks. A survey will be undertaken before design and follow the relevant city and national survey rules. System Test, Evaluation and Design Optimization A prototype system will be tested with a small electric train on a small section of the light rail line after it is put in place. Heavy gauge steel will be used for the train lines and tested for safety during operation and hazards. Tests will be done to conform to the Australia Light Rail Regulated Electrical Utility Network Code of 2016. The tests will include electrical safety, electromagnetic interference and compatibility, and stray current, governed by the stray DC (direct current) working group guidelines. Test will also entail conformance to the technical requirements as stipulated by the Australia Light Rail Regulated Electrical Utility Network Code of 2016. Technical analysis will be submitted to authorities with each technical issue referenced and an operating technical certificate will be hopefully given by the technical regular. An emergency plan will be put in place based on the Australia Light Rail Regulated Electrical Utility Network Code of 2016 technical requirements and references (Corbel 2016) Because of the scale of the project and the cost, the design team will use modern design software, including the use of BIM (building information modeling) for the structures and Auto CAD (Mahdjoubi, Brebbia Laing, 2015) as well as simulation and testing software (PLM by Siemens) to evaluate the design and performance before any physical work is done (Madsen 2017). The simulation and other tests and technical assessments based on the design will then be evaluated and adjustments made based on simulation software performance. Adjustments and optimizations will then be undertaken using the design software and design parameters, along with performance based on the simulations. The PLM software will provide near real life simulations for accurate test results. The tests will entail testing of the light rail track, starting from weight and force exerted by the vehicle tests. These will conform to the general and detailed design principles discussed earlier along with performance under different conditions based on the rail design (Madsen Madsen 2017). Special attention will be placed on cornering and speed, as well as vertical curves performance where forces will be measured with respect to the safety and comfort thresholds. This testing phase is crucial in ensuring that the light rail system conforms to existing safety standards and technical requ irements and is designed in such a way that future advancements in vehicle design will not require changing the light rail tracks. Evaluation will look closely at external factors, including existing traffic patterns on the proposed light rail track, its elevation, along with pedestrian traffic and existing facilities and assets such as power and other utility lines. Station access and exit areas, along with the pedestrian access points and existing traffic will be evaluated for conformity to the technical standards. After these steps, test lines and a light electric wagon are used for actual tests based on improved designs after the simulation tests and technical reviews. Tests will be vigorous and any adjustments made before final designs are proposed and made and sent for approval. The extensive tests and technical and performance evaluations are crucial for meeting the objectives of the project of rapid transit between the two areas; Carlingford and Westmead, via Parramatta, in a safe and comfortable manner. The design also takes into consideration cost structures and the desire for a cost effective light rail system that is easy to maintain and manage. The design will incorporate BIM principles and applications for the life-cycle management of the Carlingford-Westmead through Parramatta light rail system (Corbel 2016), (Madsen Madsen 2017). Conclusion A proposal has been made for the construction of a light rail system between Carlingford and Westmead through Parramatta that will have up to 15 stops. The design and detailed design are guided by safety operating principles along with technical requirements and the constraints of time, money, and resources. The proposed general design is to have as many tangents as possible and where inevitable, curves and arches are used the radii and safe turning principles followed. Connecting every curve and tangent will be a transition curve that will also be employed in vertical elevation design. The relation between speed, curve, weight, and force will be used to design the curves and arches. Minimum and absolute minimum requirements for stopping and station designs are to be incorporated. Technical requirements based on the Australia Light Rail Regulated Electrical Utility Network Code of 2016 will be strictly observed and the design tested in a simulated environment using PLM, before adjust ments made. A test section will be built and further tests done, before a final design for the whole length of the rail line is made and relevant certifications sought. It is recommended that this project gets a green light and proceeds to the next phase of design and simulation testing References Abe, M. (2004). The dynamics of vehicles on roads and on tracks: proceedings of the 18th IAVSD symposium held in Kanagawa, Japan, August 24 - 30, 2003. London, Taylor Francis. Corbel, S. (2016). Utilities (Technical Regulation) (Regulated Utility Coordination Code) Approval 2016. [ebook] Sydney: Australian Capital Territory, pp.2-7. Available at: https://www.legislation.act.gov.au/di/2016-18/current/pdf/2016-18.pdf [Accessed 30 Sep. 2017]. Hoel, L. A., Garber, N. J., Sadek, A. W. (2011). Transportation infrastructure engineering: a multimodal integration. Stamford, Cengage Learning. Jingjing, C., Changjiang, Z., Ming, Y. (2013). Research on Rail Transit Network System and its Connection Model in the Metropolitan Area. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences. 96, 1286-1292. Laughton, M. A., Warne, D. F. (2003). Electrical engineer's reference book. Oxford [England], Newnes. Madsen, D. A., Madsen, D. P. (2017). Engineering drawing design. Australia : Cengage Learning Mahdjoubi, L., Brebbia, C., Laing, R. (2015). Building Information Modelling (BIM) in design, construction and operations First International Conference on Building Information Modelling (BIM) in design, construction and operations.WIT transactions on the built environmentv149 Mitre Corporation. (1996). Intelligent transportation infrastructure benefits: expected and experienced. Washington, DC, U.S. Dept. of Transportation. Parsons, Brinckerhoff, Quade Douglas. (2012). Track design handbook for light rail transit. Washington, D.C., Transportation Research Board. Sheppard, M. (2015). Essentials of urban design. Clayton, Vic. CSIRO Publishing Vuchic, V. R. (2007). Urban transit systems and technology. Hoboken, N.J., John Wiley Sons. https://app.knovel.com/hotlink/toc/id:kpTDHLRTEL/track-design-handbook.

Theme Of Beowulf Essays (664 words) - Beowulf, Geats,

Theme of Beowulf The Anglo-Saxons were the members of the Germanic peoples who invaded England, and were there at least the until the time of the Norman Conquest. They were people of their own time, language, and culture. In the Anglo-Saxon adventured filled tale of Beowulf, the hero Beowulf, was considered the modern day superman. His character exemplifies the Germanic hero and consequently the Anglo-Saxon ideal: strong, fearless, bold, loyal, and stoic in his acceptance of fate. With the absence of humility, yet his important role in society and his ideals of chivalry, Beowulf was the definition of a hero in his own time. This novel develops the theme, with honor towards chivalry and faith in yourself, anything can be accomplished. To be a hero in the Anglo-Saxon period, you proved yourself by doing good deeds, showing honor, and exemplifying bravery. But with all of his amazing characteristics, Beowulf had a hard time proving humility. ?You're Beowulf, are you- the same boastful foo! I who fought a swimming match with Brecca, both of you daring and young and proud, exploring the deepest seas, risking your lives for no reason but the danger? All older and wiser heads warned you not to, but no one could check such pride (Beowulf p.39).? This best describes Beowulf as a child, full of pride and not that good at hiding it. ?I fought that beast's last battle, left it floating lifeless in the sea (Beowulf p.40).? Another quote that showed that in his older age, he had no problem expressing how good he was. A Knight, a hero in the near future, was not one to be outspoken of his capabilities as Beowulf, even though they did both have the same roles in society and honor towards chivalry. Two qualities that did make Beo wulf look a lot more heroic, unlike his absence of humility. Beowulf's role in society was almost identical to a Knight. Only, unlike the Knight, Beowulf made the choice to have this role in society. He was considered the strongest warrior around. He could fight anything, and would easily fight for his King and country. When King Hrothgar had trouble in his battle hall Herot, he asked for Beowulf's assistance. With honor and pride, Beowulf gladly accepted the King's plea for help. Many believed he did so because it was considered his role in society. Either way, he fought off the two beasts, Grendle and his mother, and saved Herot. Beowulf knew of his power and strengths and considered this to be his role in society, to serve and protect his country and those in need. This honor is a good example of Beowulf's heroism. With any quality of Beowulf, chivalry was probably his most recognizable. If anything, Beowulf had the up most respect for his King. He loved him and honored him with all his heart. If asked to do anything by the King, Beowulf would accept it with pride. When the King died, it was Beowulf that asked to take over. But with Beowulf's chivalry, he declined because the King's son was the rightful heir. With time, Beowulf did become King, but with his honor towards chivalry, he was looked up to by all his people. Most people would have easily accepted the throne if asked, but Beowulf was strong with his belief towards chivalry. Even if Beowulf did not have humility, his role in society and honor towards his chivalry expressed his beliefs and proved his heroism. The theme, with honor towards chivalry and faith in yourself, anything can be accomplished, is developed in this novel. The Anglo-Saxon ideals of being strong, fearless, bold, and loyal were exactly the qualities Beowulf carried with him. The ideals of heroism vary differently from generation to generation, but with humility, roles in society, and chivalry, you are bound to have similarities with other heroes. With Beowulf, his honor and pride made him a hero of his own time.

Transcendentalists vs. Society essays

Transcendentalists vs. Society essays Ralph Waldo Emerson, one of the most important transcendentalist authors of early nineteenth-century New England, advocates higher individualism, obeying instinct, the hope and belief of miracles, and the great importance of self-reliance. In the transcendentalism-based essay, Self-Reliance, Emerson says that individualism, independence, and inconsistency are how a man should live. However, the rest of society sees the transcendentalist who stay away and alone, who dont participate in public events, abolition of slavery or even voting as self-centered, lazy, insulting and uncivil (TT 201). Emerson, whose beliefs are often considered the core of Transcendentalism, argues that they are not unsocial, melancholy or sour, but joyous and affectionate (200). Society does not understand the transcendentalists and therefore shun them. In Self-Reliance, Emerson brilliantly explains the role of being completely separate from society. Anti-transcendentalists and the general public view sel f-reliance which is the transcendentalist manifesto as self-centeredness. Emerson says that conforming... blurs the impression of your character... but that your genuine actions will reveal your genuine character (SR 23). Transcendentalists believe in being an individual and completely free from the opinions, thoughts, and beliefs of society; they are not concerned about other people. However, they do wish to be understood. The people of the general society disagree with transcendentalists defiance of external authority and their disregard of tradition and religion, and they believe that their idealistic philosophy of intuition and their attitude toward the rest of society is loutish (TT 200). Emerson refers to the non-transcendentalists as materialists. He disputes that they are too worried about the world, about money, and what everybody else is doing. And be...

5 Peculiarities of the German Alphabet

5 Peculiarities of the German Alphabet The following are five peculiarities of the German alphabet and its pronunciation that every beginner German student should know about. Additional Letters in the German Alphabet There are more than twenty-six letters in the German alphabet. Technically speaking the German alphabet has only one additional letter that is different- the eszett. It looks like a capital letter B with a tail hanging from it: ß However, there is also something that Germans call â€Å"der Umlaut.† This is when two dots are placed above a letter. In German, this happens only above the vowels a, o and u. The umlaut placed upon these vowels makes the following sound shifts: similar to the short e in bed; à ¶, similar to the u sound in further, and à ¼. similar to the French u sound. Unfortunately,  there is no English equivalent for the sound à ¼. To pronounce the à ¼ sound, you need to say u while your lips are in a puckering position. The ß, on the other hand, is simply like an over-pronounced s. It is rightly called in German ein scharfes s (a sharp s). In fact, when people don’t have access to the German keyboard, they often will substitute a double s for the ß. However, in German, there are further rules about when it is correct to write either ss or ß. (See article German s, ss or ß) The only way to avoid the ß Â  is to move to Switzerland since Swiss Germans don’t use the ß at all. V Is W and Sounds Like F The standard name of the letter V, as it is in many languages, is actually the letter name of W in German. This means that if you were singing the alphabet in German, the section TUVW, would sound as follows (Tà ©/Fau/Và ©). Yes, this confuses a lot of beginners! But wait, there’s more: the letter V in German sounds like F! For instance, the word der Vogel you would pronounce as Fogel (with a hard g). As for the letter W in German? This peculiarity at least makes the most sense: the letter W in German, which is named like a V sounds like a V. The Spitting Combo Now for a little humor that actually helps you remember! The pronunciation spitting combo helps students remember the peculiarities of these three very common German sounds: ch – sch – sp. Say them quickly one after another and it sounds like, first - the preparation for the spit ch/ch, the start of the spit – sch (like sh in English), and finally the actual ejaculation of the spit – sp. Beginners tend at first to over vocalize the ch sound and forget the sh sound in sp. Better practice some pronunciation spitting then! The K Reigns Even though the letter C is in the German alphabet, by itself it plays only a minor role, since most German words that start with the letter C followed by a vowel, stem from foreign words. For example,  der Caddie, die Camouflage, das Cello. It is only in these types of words where you’ll find the soft c or hard c sound. Otherwise, the letter c is actually only popular in German consonant combinations, such as sch and ch, as stated in the preceding paragraph. You will find the German version of the hard â€Å"c† sound in the letter K. Consequently, you will often see words that start with a hard c sound in English spelled with a K in German: Kanada, der Kaffee, die Konstruktion, der Konjunktiv, die Kamera, das Kalzium. Position Is Everything At least when it comes to the letters B, D, and G. When you place these letters either at the end of a word or before a consonant, then the sound transformation is usually as follows: das Grab/ the grave (the b sounds like a soft p), die Hand/ hand (the d sounds like a soft t) beliebig/ any (the sounds like a soft k). Of course, this is expected in Hochdeutsch (standard German) only, it might be different when speaking German dialects or with accents of different German regions. Since these letter shifts sound very subtle when speaking, it is more important to pay attention to their correctness when writing them.

Methods available for the assessment of alcohol abuse Essay

Methods available for the assessment of alcohol abuse - Essay Example neurotransmitters like the opioid systems, dopamine, serotonin and gamma-amino-butyric acid (GABA) and their interactions are most affected (Chastain 2006). Being volatile, alcohol can be inhaled during ingestion and freely diffused into the airways (George, et al. 1996). This property became the basis for the breath test for estimating levels of blood alcohol (Hlastala 1998). Changes in levels of important enzymes were based on the effect of alcohol on hepatic functions and characteristics (Purohit and Brenner 2006) and other diseases (Purohit, Khalsa and Serrano, 2005). Liver damage due to alcohol has been attributed to increased oxidative stress which could be due to alterations in the liver’s antioxidant defense mechanism. Chronic ethanol intake was found to decrease cytosolic and mitochondrial glutathione/glutathione peroxidase-1 activities by 40% and 30%, respectively thereby promoting the oxidative modification of liver proteins (Bailey, et al. 2006) (Cunningham and Bai ley 2001). The long-term mean daily intake of 61.6 g of ethanol increases the frequency for fatty liver and alcoholic hepatitis (Savolainen, et al. 2007). Ethanol transfers from the blood into the air sacs in the lungs, and thus, consumption can be routinely determined by what is known as the breath test (Hlastala 1998). The breath alcohol concentration predicts the blood alcohol concentration at certain time points. The development of breath testing instruments (â€Å"breathalyzers†) has resulted in a low-cost, accurate, rapid and painless ethanol quantification. The level of alcohol exhaled is then multiplied with a factor to get an approximation of blood alcohol. However, many factors can affect the breathalyzer results; among these is diabetes (which can increase blood alcohol levels due to ketogenic reactions in the body (Berg, Tymoczko and Stryer 2002). In emergency cases where a breath test is not suitable, ethanol concentrations can be determined from blood, urine and saliva

Xtras Web Based System Project Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4500 words

Xtras Web Based System Project - Case Study Example Company has local net worked PCs for the eight full time staff. They also have two part time employees appointed. As the recessions took the toll of the company’s revenue lately, company has decided to come up with an idea of internet web page to offer and sell all products in order to generate the income. They also aimed this eBusiness project to help collect more market data and thus improve the customer service. Keeping it in view an independent study was carried out by an external e-business consultant six months ago. The study came up with the following conclusions such as a) Staff lack the IT skills use the new system, b) Staff fearful of changes in job roles and responsibilities, c) introduction of e-business will require restructuring, d) IT system will lead to increased market share, e) new marketing strategy will be required, and f) staff afraid management may use IT system to make staff redundant. Since the company was running in loss, the company has decided to develop a web based ecommerce platform as early as possible. They worked based on a project of designing, developing and implementing the web based business system. They raised fund allocated money for furnishing and purchasing to develop the web based system. The project plan has been presented in the following task.

Corellation Between Spirituality, Emotions Essay Example for Free

Corellation Between Spirituality, Emotions Essay Abstract   The purpose of this paper is to describe the changes during pregnancy, which is influenced by various factors like lifestyle modification, emotions and spirituality. The paper first discusses in detail about the stress and emotional changes, which occurs during pregnancy and its impact on both child and mother. These results are also supported with proper evidence from various research.   Secondly, paper discusses about how lifestyle modification in pregnant women affects the child and mother and these results are supported by evidence from various research.   Finally, the paper discusses about the spiritual believes and its impact on pregnant women. INTRODUCTION Pregnancy is a life event for which most women look forward too. The symptoms of pregnancy might sometimes be distressing but ultimately, it is all worthwhile. Women’s life changes completely during this period. This is the most stressful as well as memorable period in a women’s life. Proper planning before pregnancy to overcome the physical and emotional changes is highly essential. Since, lifestyle modification, stress, anxiety and diet changes produce major impacts in pregnant women and the fetus, the need for proper life style modification during pregnancy is recommended by all physicians. This paper discusses the impact of three major factors Stress, life style modification and spirituality in pregnant women with empirical evidence from various research studies. STRESS AND RELATED IMPACTS IN PREGNANT WOMEN   Expectant women are subject to stress due to several factors, which includes physical changes during pregnancy, environmental changes, lifestyle changes and several other factors. Pregnant women besides physical changes also experience emotional changes at time of pregnancy. Mood swings are common and women will face emotional ups and downs in early pregnancy because of hormonal changes. Its is common for pregnant women to cry or get angry and upset for no apparent reason.    Pregnancy Changes related to stress During first trimester, the pregnant women spend most of their time by realizing the fact that they are pregnant. They experience themselves inwardly and try to understand and overcome the fears about the pregnancy. This must be the case only when the women experiencing the first pregnancy. In later pregnancy, they become more familiar with the changes. At first pregnancy, pregnant women are subjected to many fear such as fear about discontinuing the job, lifestyle changes, responsibility, economical constrains etc. Insecure feelings are common during the early stage of pregnancy. Mood swings grows higher leading to unusual behaviors. The pregnant woman may laugh or cry for irrelevant things. These are often related to hormonal changes in the body. However, researchers believe that hormonal changes during pregnancy augment the force of the feelings and do not causes mood change. Few researchers has identified that the amount of anxiety is heavier in pregnant women who bears a boy baby, for which the reasons are unidentified. In the second trimester, the expectant mother slowly comes out of fear and anxiety, which they experienced during the first trimester and starts feeling better as by now they start experiencing the movement of the baby. During this period, the understanding between the husband and wife starts growing and slowly they accept the existence of baby. The woman starts showing changes physically as she gain weight, also fear and anxiety grows rapidly during this period as fear of miscarriage or disaster to the baby or to herself develops. Speaking out about the fear to her husband or to someone close would relive herself from stress. During the last stage of pregnancy, the pregnant mother experience more fear and stress. As they grow larger in size, they experience low self-esteem and expect more attention from all the dear ones especially from her husband. They fear more regarding delivery complications.    Physical stress during pregnancy and its impact Physical strain during pregnancy is equal to emotional strain. High physical stress during pregnancy is not advisable as it has possibility of inducing preterm delivery among pregnant women. â€Å"In a research conducted by Mozurkewich and Colleague among the employees of pregnant women in U.S who had performed increased physical work has given birth before their deliver date. In another study conducted among the women in France has shown similar results.    Stress and its impact on diet Stress, tension, low energy, exhaustion and other emotional changes can influence the diet preference by the pregnant women. According to the study conducted by the ‘Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health’, â€Å"the diet of the expectant mother would affect the growth of the fetus and the wellbeing of the infant. According to this study which was conducted by ‘Kristen Hurley, Janet DiPietro, Kathleen Costigan and Laura Caulfield’, â€Å"Mother who experienced more fatigue during the pregnancy period consumed more amount of energy rich foods and zinc and consumed less folate. Expectant mothers who felt more stressed munched more amount of snacks and carbohydrate foods and also consumed lots of foods which is rich in fat, protein, iron and zinc. Worried feelings were connected with poorer consumption of vitamin C. Mothers who were stressed by pregnancy experience ate less meat.†Ã‚   â€Å"While pregnant women eating more amount of food may lead to increase in micronutrients and decrease the intake of other important nutrients like folate and vitamin C†, says, ‘Laura Caulfield, Ph.D. an associate professor at the Bloomberg School of Public Health’s Centre for Human Nutrition’.    Stress and its effect on the fetus Stress during pregnancy can bring about several changes in mother and child’s health. It affects the heart rate of the pregnant women. It also brings about blood pressure and anxiety in women. â€Å"According to Catherine Monk of Columbia University, emotional changes during pregnancy result in heart problems in pregnant women and have major effect on the fetus.†Ã‚   Earlier research has shown that stress during pregnancy leads to under weight babies and premature babies. Researcher has found that heart rate of mother is associated to heart rate of the fetus and when mother is stressed or worried, it affects the infant directly. Researchers from John Hopkins University and National Institute of Child Health Development (NICHD) in their research have found that emotional changes during pregnancy have direct impact on child’s behavior. Mother with increased emotion and fear of pregnancy has children with poor behavior skills and emotional disorder.  Ã‚  Ã‚   â€Å"According to Janet A. DiPietro, PhD, a developmental psychologist and professor at John Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, increased stress during pregnancy results in chemical changes which manipulate the organ growth and development of the fetus.† Thus, it is essential for a pregnant women to be free from stress and emotions during and after pregnancy to give birth to a healthy baby and to maintain her own health. LIFESTYLE CHANGES AND ITS IMPACT IN EXPECTANT MOTHER Lifestyle modification during pregnancy affects both mother and child especially when seems to be negative. Expectant mothers who are involved in habits such as Cigarette, alcohol, caffeine etc are under risk of developing breast cancer, delivery complications and pass the risk of behavioral disorder to their child. Apart from this diet, modification and exercise pattern also has impact on child’s growth. Expectant mother with eating disorder or overeating habits are prone to low-birth weight or over weight babies. Alteration in diet with inadequate nutrients or over nutrition leads to gestational diabetes. The child born to such parents develops Type I diabetes and are also at risk of developing cardiovascular problems. Lower folate consumption before and during the time of pregnancy would lead to birth defect and neurological problems. Hence, proper nutrition intake before and after pregnancy is essential. Consumption of Alcohol at the time of pregnancy leads to abortion, affects the fetus development, causes serious birth defects particularly the intellectual growth of the child. Hence, it is advisable to avoid alcohol consumption before and during pregnancy. Pregnant women who drink heavily are at risk of giving birth to child with alcohol syndrome i.e. a syndrome, which has major effect on mental and physical health. Similarly, pregnant women who consumes higher amount of caffeine are also at risk of developing miscarriage and birth defects. In addition, heavy exposure to chemicals can lead to birth defects. Various studies have shown that exposure to hazardous chemicals as solvents at work place have resulted in increase in the risk of abortion or birth defects. Apart from these, exercise during pregnancy is highly essential. Exercise during pregnancy strengthens the lower back and lower abdomen. Lack of proper exercise would result in caesarian and delivery complications. Exercise can reduce the labor complications and the risk of delivery. Regular exercise and walking would be more effective if followed in the second and third trimester. It helps the pregnant women to be relieved out of constipation, discomfort due to increased weight, fatigue, backaches etc    Diet modification during pregnancy affects the child and the offspring A research study conducted by â€Å"Children’s hospital Oakland Research Institute by David Martin, M.D, Dr. Jennifer Cropley and Catherine Suter from Victor Chang Heart Institute in Sydney, November 2006, has found that, ‘ mother’s diet during pregnancy   dose not only affect the health of her child but also affects the health of the grandchildren by changing the behavior of specific gene.† The researchers has performed the study on Avy mouse (yellow in color) which posses gene similar to human genes. The researchers during the research has used two group of pregnant mouse of which one group was fed with usual diet consumed by human and the other group was provided with supplements such as folate, vitamin, zinc etc along with the normal diet during the middle of the pregnancy. The similar experiments were followed for the offspring’s. The results of the study revealed that mouse without the supplement diet in both the experiments has shown considerable alteration in the gene resulting in the change of color from yellow to brown and were also found to be unhealthy and are at risk of cancer. Though it is, the known fact that mother’s diet would have considerable impact on the child’s health this is the first study, which has compared the correlation between mother’s diet and its impact in offspring. According to ‘Kenneth Beckman, Ph.D. Assistance Scientist at CHORI and a member of Project Export Centre of excellence in Nutritional Genomics, said, â€Å"The supplements provided during the pregnancy of the mother benefited the grand children even when the mother of the grandchild did not consume diet with supplements. Thus, maternal diet could have long lasting implications which extends for generations and even centuries.† Overeating and its impact on child  Ã‚   According to the research from ‘Oregon Health and Science University, September 2006’, â€Å"overeating during pregnancy may lead to several health problems to the child.†   Ã¢â‚¬Å"The researcher Kevin Grove, Ph.D., a scientist in ONPRC’s Division of Neuroscience in his research has confirmed that grandchildren off the expectant mother who overeat are at risk for liver damage and at a risk for early commencement of diabetes and obesity. Apart from this considerable change take place in the hypothalamus of the brain, which is responsible for the weight regulation.   He also states that children who are born to mother who consumes lots of fatty foods may be at a risk of diabetes and obesity.† The researchers have noted that pregnant female monkeys who were used for the research when provided with high fatty food passed on liver damage and pancreas damage to their offspring’s. The results were similar to humans when expectant women consumed high fatty food. It is clear from the above study that the need for a balanced diet among pregnant women is highly essential to prevent all health related problems to the child and the offspring. Another study conducted by world health organization there is a considerable increase in obesity related heart disease and metabolic disease among the present generation. Though the increase in obesity among present generation is because they consume high amount of fatty foods like sugar and saturated fats, on the other hand the obesity is also associated with increased consumption of energy rich food during pregnancy and during breast-feeding is one more reason for obesity among children’s. For several years it is has been stated that undernourished mother during pregnancy give birth to low birth weight babies which in turn affects the infant with heart related problems as it grows. However, latest studies reveals that apart form undernourished mother even the child born for mother who during pregnancy expose to energy rich food are also prone to heart disease. The study also revels that maternal diet has direct impact on child’s desire for food and maternal diet with increased energy food results in heart disease and other diseases like diabetes and hypertension in the later part of life. In such cases, the child develops abnormalities in aorta and in kidney resulting in severe disease as they grow up.    Smoking affects the child and grandchild Pregnant women may pass down the habit of smoking and its related disease to their child and to their grandchildren for continued generation.   Research study from Australia in 1982 has revealed the fact that children born to mothers who smoked during the time pregnancy started smoking before the age of 15 when compared to the children’s who were born to the mother who were non-smokers. At the same time, children’s of mothers who were smokers and gave up smoking at the time of pregnancy has shown similar results as children’s of mother who was non-smoker.   Thus, pregnant women are highly recommended to avoid smoking during pregnancy. Different study conducted by ‘Keck School of Medicine of University of California, states that use of tobacco and nicotine by the mother during pregnancy would result in lung diseases such as asthma to her children and grandchildren. The author Frank D. Gilliland, Professor of preventive medicine Keck School of Medicine states that smoking pregnant women will pass down long-term impact of lung disease in generations continuing for centuries. The research result shows that children’s and grandchildren’s of smoking mother at the time of pregnancy experienced problems of asthma from the age of five. Although the child of smoking mother did not experience any problem, the grandchild was highly prone to developing asthma. The researchers have also found that the nicotine present in the tobacco affects the DNA of the infant and affects the immune system of the baby. It is also found that nicotine from the tobacco affects the formation of the egg in the girl child as it grows. Thus, from above research studies it is clear that lifestyle modification in pregnant women would bring major impact in both child and mother. Few research has also proved that even grandchildren’s and further generation are affected by irregular dietary habits and alcohol and smoking habits. SPIRITUALITY AND ITS IMPACT ON EXPECTANT MOTHER Fasting seems to be one of spiritual activity, which has influenced most of the religious people especially Hindus and Muslims. People by fasting show their gratitude and love towards God. However, fasting when continued for more that two or three days leads to Lower Glycemic Index, reduces the protein and fat level in blood, increases the uric acid content, and possibly reduces the RBC and hemoglobin levels in the blood. If this is the case for normal people, when women with pregnancy undergoes fasting the results would be more drastic leading to ill health to both mother and child. As pregnancy is a crucial period and the mother is expected to consume the right amount of nutrition to maintain her health and the babies’ health, fasting during such period has to be avoided. According to a ‘Physician Gabriel Cousens, â€Å"fasting means to withdraw from that which is poisonous to the intellect, body and spirit. This can also be described as removal of corporal, emotional and psychological pollutant from our life, more willingly than merely staying away from or interrupting eating. Starving oneself for religious purposes typically involves taking away thyself from worldly duties.† On the other hand, in spite of the awareness for the need for proper nutrition some expectant mothers as being more religious blindly believes that by following rituals like fasting would bring God’s love and blessings to the child. Especially Muslim women’s during the period of Ramadan even if pregnant presume that fasting is obligatory for healthy wellbeing of child and mother. However, Islam is not too harsh on Muslim women’s who are pregnant. For that reason, no religion would be cruel to advice fasting during pregnancy. In Islam, the culture itself has prohibited such activity. Qur’an, has stated the following people not to fast during Ramadan, â€Å"pregnant women in her last trimester and also to avoid fasting by expectant mother if its is harmful to the mother and the child, women who is breast feeding, menstruating women and women who are in nifas.†Ã‚   According to Hadith, â€Å"the religion also states that if a expectant mother or the breast-feeding mother is subjected to health problems due to fasting, in such case they can fast the equivalent amount of days in another period of time.† Fasting are starving in the name of god is not ideal and it only spoils the health of the mother and baby. As pregnancy is an imperative period in women’s life attachment between mother and child grows right from the time of conception and develops with intake of right nutrition at right time. Impacts of fasting in Expectant women During pregnancy, the mother has to eat for two hence at this time going without food or starving without food due to spiritual reasons would affect both the child and mother. On the other hand, avoiding food at instance help the mother to remove the toxins from her body. Toxins loaded in the kidney, lungs, bladder, skin, intestinal track, respiratory track etc can be removed when avoiding food at some instances. However, this depends on the body condition of the women. In such cases the pregnant women has to take the advice of her doctor regarding her dietary habits. The culture of Islam states that fasting during first and second trimester of pregnancy is safer. This is also supported by the statement provided by ‘Dr. Shahid Athar; â€Å"according to him expectant based on health conditions can fast during the 1st and 2nd trimesters with the guidance and supervision from her obstetrician.† In a study conducted in Africa by researchers from Austin, nearly 89.5% of expectant women were fasting during the month of Ramadan. The result showed that blood glucose level in expectant mother who were fasting were significantly less than the normal amount which has resulted in gestational diabetes among these women. As no carbohydrate is available for producing glucose during the fasting period ketosis occur to avoid the loss of protein, which results in fall in insulin level and augmented weight loss. The research has proved that continuous fasting in pregnant women increase the risk of gestational diabetes, which results in over weight babies, caesarian, and stillbirth. Proper diet management under medical supervision and frequent blood testing for blood sugar can prevent gestational diabetes in pregnant women. Another research by â€Å"Kellymon has proved that fasting leads to dehydration, which thereby decreases the milk supply due to the decreased fluid level in the body.†   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Another study by Centre for Advance for health in 2000 has revealed that pregnant mothers who starved during the first 14 weeks of pregnancy has given birth to child who are at high risk of heart disease. Form the research studies it is clear that fasting in the name of spirituality has shown adverse effect on both the child and mother. Although the belief of the expectant mother has to be considered, health related issues due to fasting have to be given priority. Since, the effect of fasting affects not only the mother but also the child, such beliefs has to be considered. The impacts of fasting last on child’s health for longer period and even it grows for several generations. CONCLUSION   As pregnancy is a crucial period in women’s life special attention and care during this period is more important. Pregnant women in general should be away from stress and try to keep them relaxed and peaceful. Excess stress can create severe impact on women’s health and in child’s health and also can lead to preterm delivery and miscarriage. Focusing on positive lifestyle changes before and after pregnancy could yield better results by improving the health and intellect of the baby. Thus for safe and healthy pregnancy, it is always better to be planed to avoid all harmful behaviors.    REFERENCES Shahid Athar, â€Å"Effects of Fasting in Pregnant Women during Ramadan†, Journal of Islamic Medical Association, November 1987. Hadith, â€Å"Studies on Fasting during Ramadan†, Islamic Horizon, October 2003. Kevin Grove, â€Å"Overeating and its impact on child†, Oregon Health and Science University, September 2006 Kristen Hurley, Janet DiPietro, Kathleen Costigan and Laura Caulfield, â€Å"Stress and its Impact in Pregnant Women,† Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, June 2005.    David Martin, Dr. Jennifer Cropley, Catherine Suter, Kenneth Beckman, â€Å"Diet modification during pregnancy affects the child and the offspring†, Children Hospital and Research Centre at Oakland, December 2006. World Health Organization, â€Å"Obesity related to cardiovascular disease in children†, Blackwell Publishing Ltd, May 2005. Frank D. Gilliland, Yu-Fen Li, â€Å"Smoking during Pregnancy affects the Child and Grandchild†, Chest Vol. 128, No. 5, April 2005, Pp 1231-1241. Mozurkewich EL. â€Å"Working Conditions and Adverse Pregnancy Outcome.† Obstetrics and Gynecology 2001. 96:624-636.

Domestic Violence Speech

Domestic Violence Against Women Introduction On May 2, 1982, Michael Connell visited his estranged wife Karen and their son Ward. Karen and Michael had been separated for more than a year but were seeing each other. A friend of Ward’s also visiting and the four of them were going on a picnic. They never made it. At around noon, Karen staggered from the house, bleeding profusely from the neck. She collapsed into a neighbor’s arms, gasping that her husband had stabbed her and was still in the house with their 5 year-old son and his friend. The South Pasadena Police arrived on the scene to investigate. After several attempts to make contact with Michael or the children failed, they contacted the L. A. Sherriff’s SWAT team. The SWAT team, using a bullhorn, requested anyone inside the house come out. Two boys walked out of the house with their hands up, pleading, â€Å"Don’t shoot; we’re the good guys. † The SWAT team forced entry into the house at about 3:00. They found a man lying on the bathroom floor. He had massive slash wounds to his neck area and a stab wound to his chest. The wounds were self-inflicted. Michael Ward Connell was dead. At the same time, Karen was undergoing an operation at Huntington Memorial Hospital. She had lost seven pints of blood, and her vocal cords had been severed. Her young son Ward had saved her life by jumping on his father’s back and hitting them, screaming, â€Å"Don’t hurt my Mom! † The coroner’s report stated, â€Å"Decedent apparently had marital problems with his wife for quite some time. † Karen and Ward had been residents of Haven House, a refuge for battered women and their children. The Story that Shocked the Country At 12:05 a. m. n June 13, 1994, Nicole Brown and Ronald Goldman were found with their throats slit and heads partially decapitated outside Brown's Bundy Drive condominium in the Brentwood area of Los Angeles, California. Her two children, Sydney (age 8) and Justin (age 5), were asleep inside in an upstairs bedroom. O. J. Simpson and Nicole Brown Simpson had divorced two years earlier. Evidence found and collected at the scene led police to suspect that O. J. Simpson was the murderer. Nicole had been stabbed multiple times through the throat to the point of near decapitation; her vertebrae were almost severed. Simpson was arrested and charged with the double murders. Three days later Simpson was arraigned and pleaded not guilty to both murders. During the trial prosecutors argued that Simpson killed his ex-wife in a jealous rage. The prosecutors opened it case by playing a 9-1-1 tape of Nicole Brown Simpson expressing fear that Simpson would physically harm her. The prosecuting spent the opening weeks of trial presenting evidence that Simpson had a history of physically abusing Nicole. However, after nine months of lengthy testifying and cross examinations O. J. Simpson was acquitted. The drama and tragedy of woman abuse will touch most of us, at some time in our lives, in a very personal way. This could happen directly as a result of our own intimate relationships with lovers or through the experience of some family members and or friends. Whether or not we have been raised in an abusive family environment, we are almost certainly going to have close contact with, and be affected by, someone who has. Domestic violence is on the rise in most countries around the world. Domestic violence is perpetrated against women in most cases. Every 15 seconds a woman is battered. Two to four million are abused each year and 4,000 of them die. Every 45 seconds someone in the United States is sexually assaulted. Domestic violence can be easily distinguished as being a disease which spreads rapidly and occurs in all religious groups, all races, relationships and to people of all ages. The roots to domestic violence lie in the soil of the patriarchal family. The belief that wives are the possessions of a male â€Å"head of household† who should control the behavior of all other family members is deeply embedded in social traditions. You may say to yourself this type of crime could never happen to me. To help determine if you have been a victim unaware let’s define domestic violence or sometimes called intimate partner violence (IPV) to determine if you or someone you know or love has ever been a victim of domestic violence. Domestic violence as defined by The U. S. Office on Violence Against Women (OVW) is a â€Å"pattern of abusive behavior in any relationship that is used by one partner to gain or maintain power and control over another intimate partner. The definition adds that domestic violence â€Å"can happen to anyone regardless of race, age, sexual orientation, religion, or gender†, and that it takes many forms, including physical abuse, sexual abuse, emotional or psychological abuse, and verbal abuse. Type of abuse To gain a better understanding of these different types of forms that abuse may have let’s characterize the most common ones in detail: Physical abuse is abuse involving contact intended to cause feelings of intimidation, pain, injury or other physical suffering or bodily harm. It often includes hitting, kicking, biting, shoving, restraining, slapping, punching, choking, and other types of contact that will result in physical injury to the victim. Physical abuse can also include behaviors such as denying the victim of medical care when needed, depriving the victim of sleep or other functions necessary to live, or forcing the victim to engage in drug/alcohol against her will. Sexual abuse is any situation in which force is used to obtain participation in unwanted, unsafe, or degrading sexual activity constitutes sexual abuse. Forced sex, even by a spouse or intimate partner with whom consensual sex has occurred, is an act of aggression and violence. The National Coalition Against Domestic Violence reports that between one-third and one-half of all battered women are raped by their partners at least once during the relationship. Furthermore, women whose partners abuse them physically and sexually are at a higher risk of being seriously injured or killed. Emotional abuse is defined as any behavior that threatens, intimidates, undermines the victim’s self-worth or self-esteem, or controls the victim’s freedom. This can include threatening the victim with injury or harm, telling the victim that they will be killed if they ever leave the relationship, and public humiliation. Constant criticism, name-calling, and making statements that damage the victim’s self-esteem are also common forms of emotional abuse. Often perpetrators will use children to engage in emotional abuse by teaching them to harshly criticize the victim as well. Emotional abuse includes conflicting actions or statements which are designed to confuse and create insecurity in the victim. These behaviors also lead the victim to questions themselves, causing them to believe that they are making up the abuse or that the abuse is their fault. Emotional abuse can include humiliating the victim privately or publicly, controlling what the victim can and cannot do, withholding information from the victim, deliberately doing something to make the victim feel diminished or embarrassed, isolating the victim from friends and family, implicitly blackmailing the victim by harming others when the victim expresses independence or happiness, or denying the victim access to money or other basic resources and necessities. Verbal abuse is a form of abusive behavior involving the use of language; it is a form of profanity that can occur with or without the use of expletives. Abuses can ignore, ridicule, disrespect, and criticize others consistently, manipulate words, falsely accuse, make others feel unwanted and unloved, threaten economically, isolate victims from support systems, demonstrate Jekyll and Hyde behaviors, either in terms of sudden rages or behavioral changes, or where there is a very different â€Å"face† shown to the outside world verses with victim. Why does she stay? People who have never been in an abusive relationship may wonder,† Why doesn’t she just leave? † There are many reasons why a woman may not leave an abusive relationship. She may have little or no money and have way to support herself or her children. She may reach out for help and find that all the local domestic violence shelters are full. She may not be able to contact friends and family who could help her. Or she may worry about the safety of herself and her children if she leaves. But if she does leave, victims often lack specialized skills, education, and training that are necessary to find gainful employment. In 2003, thirty-six US cities cited domestic violence as one of the primary causes of homelessness in their areas. It is also reported the one out of every three homeless women are homeless due to having a domestic violence relationship. Laws and Regulations Education concerning domestic violence has come a long way, but it still has a ways to go. The response to domestic violence is typically a combined effort between law enforcement, social services, and health care. The role of each has evolved as domestic violence has been brought more into public view. Domestic violence historically has been viewed as a private family matter that need not involve the government or criminal justice. First passed in 1994, the Violence Against Women Act (VAWA) made domestic violence and sexual assault crimes. The VAWA created new punishments for these crimes and gave agencies helping victims more funding to improve their services. In 2000, the VAWA was re-authorized, meaning that Congress and the president agreed to renew the law. In addition to re-authorizing the law, stalking and dating violence were added to the list of crimes covered by the law. Also, more funding was added for legal aid programs for victims. If you’re a victim of abuse or violence at the hands of someone you know or love. Get immediate help and support. The National Domestic Violence Hotline can be reached 24 hours a day, 7 days a week at 800-799-SAFE. Conclusion everyday world could it be you, your roommate, your best friend or neighbor. if you’re a victim of abuse of violence at the hands of someone you know or love get immediate help and support. You’re not alone. The National Domestic Violence Hotline can be reached 24 hours a day, 7 days a week at 800-799-SAFE. Sometimes its hard and confusing to admit that you are in an abusive relationship or to find a way out. There are clear signs to help you know if you are being abused. If you person you love or live with does any of these things, it’s time to get help: * Monitors what you’re doing all the time * Criticizes you for little things * Constantly accuses you of being unfaithful Prevents or discourages you from seeing friends or family, or going to work or school * Gets angry when drinking alchol or uses drugs * Controls how you spend your money * Controls your use of needed medicines * Humiliates you in front of others * Destroys your property or things you care about * Threathens to hurt you, the children, or pets, or does hurt you (by hitting, beating, pushing , shoving, punching, slapping, kicking or biting) * Uses or threatens to use a weapon again st you * Forces you to have sex against your will * Blames you for his violent outbursts

Into the Wild/as You Like It

Texts may show us that a sense of belonging can emerge from connections made with people, places and the larger world. To what extent do the texts you have studied support this idea? ‘Happiness is only real if shared’. This insightful quote from Sean Penn’s 2007 film Into the Wild shows that any sense of belonging must arise through connection we make with others and the wider world. Shakespeare’s play As You Like It also demonstrates this, and shows that belonging is a natural instinct and one fundamental to a meaningful life. The setting of As You Like It plays a crucial role in shaping the idea of belonging in the play. Like the typical pastoral, the beginning of the play is set in court, a place established as a hub of corruption and political tension. Orlando’s house is described as a ‘butchery’ as his brother plots to kill him, ‘[Rosalind] is banish’d’, and Duke Senior calls courtly life ‘painted pomp’. The combination of images suggests estrangement and not belonging. By contrast, Arden is a free, untainted setting where characters are able to develop relationships without conforming to rigid social constraints. Also, the transition from the high density of formal verse in the opening scenes to the more frequent use of prose, signifying acceptance and familiarity, towards the end reinforces this transition from tension and not belonging to unity. This harmonious ending is epitomized in the final scene in which ‘these eight†¦take hands’. That the characters do form relationships there in which they belong is a clear indication that belonging is an innate part of the human condition. In essence, through the natural setting of the play, Shakespeare emphasises that belonging is a natural state of humanity. Similarly, Into the Wild contains pastoral elements that contribute to belonging in the film. Like the ‘painted pomp’ of the court in As You Like It, Penn portrays society as ‘oppressive’, employing dark metaphors of warfare to reinforce this; fence-posts are ‘black sword-tips’ and red tiles ‘hardened blood’. The dinner scene is muted, with the use of shaky hand-held camera emphasizing the tension and estrangement. By contrast, the wilderness acts as a catalyst for belonging in which he realizes the significance of onnections with people to happiness. All scenes of him in the wild are shot in rich natural light, as opposed to the exaggerated florescent lighting used in the civilized scenes. This contrast in lighting suggests that both Arden and the wild are places of healing where characters learn about the nature of belonging and the importance of connections. As You Like It shows that belonging can arise through connections with o thers. There are many ways to be accepted and Shakespeare reflects this in his use of diverse characters. Rosalind takes a more sensible, realistic approach than Orlando, stating that ‘men have died from time to time†¦but not for love’. Orlando is much more the petrachan lover, vowing to ‘live and die’ her slave. Celia and Oliver’s relationship is a more spontaneous connection, ‘whoever loved that loved not at first sight? ’ whereas Touchstone and Audrey simply see marriage as a natural part of life ‘as the ox has his bow, so wedlock does come nibbling’. The contrast between these couples combined with the comedic ending shows that belonging can arise through variety of relationships and connections. The Rainbow Fish similarly demonstrates that belonging can arise from a variety of relationships. The fish depicted in the book are of different shapes and sizes, and are even joined intermittently by other creatures; a starfish, an octopus, a shark, suggesting implying a diversity of connections that can lead to belonging. Also, the Rainbow fish’s scales are a combination of all the colours of the other monochromatic fish. Through this Pfiser is implying that we have something in common with everyone, and so connections with others are not limited to a certain type. The correlation between connections with people and belonging is perhaps seen most clearly in As You like It through the contrast between Rosalind and Jacques, the brooding melancholic. Shakespeare juxtaposes the two characters to make the point that belonging arises primarily from connections. Where Rosalind has many friends such as her ‘dear coz’ Celia, Orlando and Touchstone, Jacques is alone and friendless, reveling in his melancholy which he ‘loves better than laughing’. He chooses not to belong, symbolized in his refusal to partake in the final dance, despite being beseeched by the Duke to ‘stay, Jacques, stay! ’ Where Jacques rejects connections in favor of ‘matter to be heard and learned’, Rosalind embraces them, and as a result is the happier, more fulfilled character. Shakespeare’s use of contrast clearly shows that belonging, and hence happiness, is an intrapersonal phenomenon. In many ways, Chris of Into The Wild mirrors Jacques. He refuses to belong, striving after Platonic ideals similarly to how Jacques seeks learning. He explicitly says that ‘rather than love†¦give me truth’, paralleling Jacques preference for knowledge over belonging. Unlike Jacques however, he regrets his decisions towards the end, seen through the director’s use of the diary to convey his thoughts. In an extreme close up, he writes ‘lonely’ slowly and deliberately, and underlines it to highlight the intensity of his feeling of isolation. The music is sad and haunting, emphasizing his regret over his alienation. Further to this, the final scene consists of a series of rapid flashbacks depicting characters with which he formed relationships. The voiceover is in second person ‘what if I were smiling and running you’re your arms? ’, with the use of the conditional tense highlighting his regret at his rejection of connections. This use of voice over combined with positive cumulative images ending in a still shot of Chris, suggests that our sense of belonging is important to both happiness and a sense of self. Like Chris, the Rainbow Fish ultimately realizes the value of belonging. Initially he was a character like Jacques; when offered by the others to ‘come join in’ he would glide past, ‘proud and silent’. However, in the end he chooses to share his ‘shimmering scales’, a recurring motif symbolizing love and friendship. This transition from isolation to belonging is further emphasised by the positioning of the fish in the book. On the first page, he is depicted alone in the centre, with his back to the other fish. As he learns to belong, he begins to turn towards others, eventually ending face to face as he gives away the first scale. His change of attitude is also reflected in the shift in colour scheme, from cooler hues of blue to warmer purples. This suggests happiness and love, again implying that a sense of belonging is vital to happiness. Both As You Like It and Into the Wild show that belonging may, and does, arise out of the connections we make with other people. These connections are a natural part of the human condition and can take many shapes and forms, but they are essential to happiness as it is a shared phenomenon.

Foreigners in French Society Essay Sample

Foreigners in French Society Essay Sample Foreigners in French Society Essay Example Foreigners in French Society Essay Example Attitude towards immigrants is characterized by many factors: state’s support, ease of finding work, presence of prejudices, and daily attitude towards immigrants of the local population. In some countries, new citizens are dissolved among the locals. However, in the majority of countries, they live in certain areas, preserving their culture and traditions. France is one of many countries that attract thousands of immigrants from Russia, Ukraine, Kazakhstan, Belarus, Georgia, and other countries. The reasons for immigration are different: visa for academic, refugee status, employment contract, or marriage with French citizens. France was considered the only European country that stimulated immigration in the postwar period in order to enlist labor force for the country. Nevertheless, particular latest terrorist attacks, which were made by immigrants or their descendants, have forced people to review the reasons for these extreme actions. Integration of immigrants is specified by certain factors such as the ability to access the labor markets, the degree of occupational mobility, knowledge of the language, age, education, the overall level of development, the influence of the mass media, plans for the future, the type of public relations, and the attitude of the local population. The possible causes of the discontent among the immigrants, which finds its expression in various riots, demonstrations and terrorist’s attacks, can be understood by tracing and evaluating the changes in the attitude towards immigrants in France, where the policies, political parties, economy, and social media create particular difficulties for foreigners. Now, migration has become an important factor of modern life. It has a significant impact on the economic, political, and social life of many countries, including France, where immigrants or their descendants make up a large part of the population. Currently, in this country, more than a third of all the French citizens have ancestors-immigrants, or those who once came to the country to settle there permanently. This gives the right to say that the problem of immigration touches upon the history of many French families. Immigrants make up a large proportion of workers in certain sectors of the economy, particularly in those where a large scale is given to manual labor (textile, food, leather, construction, and other industries). Immigrant workers account for up to half or even more of those involved in unskilled labor. According to Dunham, 8.8 percent of French population is immigrants. â€Å"From 2004 to 2012 an average of 200,000 migrants arrived on French shores every year† (Dunham). Despite the belief that Africans constitute the biggest portion of immigrants, they counted only 30 percent in 2012, whereas 46 percent of immigrants were Europeans. Dunham emphasizes that â€Å"France’s immigrant population is rising at an average of 1.6 percent per year.† The beginning of migration flows to France accounts for the 19-20th centuries. The reasons for this phenomenon include demographic and economic circumstances present of that time. The low birth rate in the country caused serious concern in French society. Government appeal to make children was converted to all social strata and groups. Immigration also played a special role in this process. The fact that France experienced the lack of cheap labor could explain the massive influx of immigrants mostly of European descent who had arrived to the country looking for employment. Moreover, they settled not only in the border areas, but also in central France. Italians were among the first immigrants. They were engaged in low-paid, unskilled labor, which was extremely beneficial to the local entrepreneurs. By the end of World War I, the character of immigration to France changed qualitatively. Since then, it has been associated with industrialized development of the country and became tradit ional reason for immigration. In the postwar period, the French capital sought to develop mainly labor immigration, which had led to significant changes in its social structure. Having taken a course for controlled importation of workers, the state tried to provide workforce to those industries and agriculture that had widely used low skilled and unskilled labor (construction, mining, iron and steel industry as well as some types of heavy and dangerous work in other branches of industry). During the war, the transition to organized collective labor recruitment in the French possessions began. This was carried out by specifically created service of colonial workers. It should be noted that the contract system of employment significantly reduced wages. France’s immigration policy has become even less tolerant since 2006. A new immigration and integration law was adopted on July 25, 2006 (Chou and Baygert). It supports high-skilled migration and limits family reunification. The law meant that only relevant people would be allowed to enter the country. The majority of poor and unemployed foreigners were left behind. The law was targeted at dramatically reducing the influx of immigrants from outside the EU as well as deporting a significant part of illegal immigrants. According to the innovation, migration services dramatically reduce the number of immigrants with inadequate education and minimal skills (Chou and Baygert). Every year, the government forms a quota on the number of jobs that might be claimed by foreigners. All other workers will have to pass strict control to live in France. The law worsened the position of the so-called mixed families, in which one spouse was a citizen of France, and the second did not have the French citizenship. For a foreigner in such a pair, government greatly increased term of residence, which was aimed at fighting with fictitious marriages. The reunification of families also became more difficult. If earlier, an immigrant was able to bring the whole family to France, now it will be possible only if he has a high-paying job and adequate housing. This law caused a wave of protests. Young people smashed and burned cars and shops. Children and grandchildren of immigrants, who were born in France and had French citizenship, constituted the greater number of the rioters. They protested against discrimination of ethnic and religious minorities that existed in the country before the new law. To stop the riots, in most parts of the country, a curfew was implemented. Only force managed to stop the wave of protests. The rise of the far right party that opposed immigration evidenced that nationalism had always been a powerful force in French politics. The lingering global crisis became the ideal food to continue its active development. During the 2012 presidential election, the right-wing party National Front gained almost 20 percent, a record for all time of its existence (â€Å"The Role of the National Front in the 2002 French Presidential Elections†). The centerpiece of the ideological aspects of the party was taken by the idea that immigration presented a threat to national identity. National Front was founded by Jean-Mari Le Pen, who used anti-Semitic ideas and Catholic fundamentalism. It should be noted that the party did not immediately receive national recognition and support. Only after correction of ideological basis in the mid-1980s, which was based on the priority of discussing immigration, law and order, it began to achieve popularity (Posta 251). The party considers immigrants, especially Muslims, the main threat to national identity and national security of France. In this respect, the party treats the representatives of other nations and peoples of Europe, particularly the Roma, the same. Representatives of the Eastern European countries are also considered as unfriendly elements. Political platform of National Front protects law and order. The party calls for not showing tolerance in the fight against organized crime and actively protecting civil order. In modern French society, immigrants face such difficulties as finding jobs and assimilating into the mainstream society. A tendency to increase length of stay of immigrants and formation of the new multinational community in France has put forward the problem of integration of immigrants in the socio-economic structure of the country. The adaptation of immigrants is two-sided: the changes taking place in the social value system of the immigrants and the host society. While in the United States, immigrants with poor knowledge of English face certain understanding, immigrants without the knowledge of the French language will experience many difficulties in France. People of brainwork, who came to show themselves, are referred to with indifference. After all, in France, there are enough unemployed citizens. There is also problem with easy work: light physical labor is almost canceled for women. Slavic immigrants have sincere and open character. In contrast, the mentality of the French implies inconsistency, the duality of nature. In addition, French people are very meager. Women in the marriage are often treated negatively. The majority of women remain in the country out of despair, suffering from humiliation, persecution, and even physical abuse. This is probably the most common violation of the rights of the immigrants. However, not all new families are haunted by bad luck, as there are quite happy couples. Naturally, as in any country, the locals do not like immigrants, but it is not spoken out openly. The authorities set up special institutions that provide employment assistance for immigrants. Furthermore, there are agencies that support newcomers in the rapid implementation of the cultural and social life of the country. In France, the good attitude to immigrants is marked from the authorities. They organized a fund to assist immigrants in anything they might need. At the same time, the fund is actively combating discrimination. Until the end of the 1980s, immigration and integration policy of the state in relation to foreign nationals and stateless persons, who sought asylum in France, existed in parallel. It was only in 1991, when the government embarked on special reforms aimed at creating a French model of integration, when appropriate amendments and additions to the legislation of the country were made. French political integration model is based on the principle of acquiring nationality, i.e. citizenship. Under the French law, in accordance with democratic traditions, there are no provisions that discriminate foreigners in comparison with French citizens. Foreigners enjoy the same civil, social, and economic rights as other citizens. However, political rights are secured only for the French citizens. For example, regulations and measures to combat unemployment or vocational integration do not consider immigrants as a special part of the population (â€Å"French Issues†). Despite the fact that the government pays great importance to the organization of joint kindergartens for children of immigrants and the local population, in recent years, greater emphasis has been made on sustaining the level of native language among foreigners. Thus, the authorities hope that a certain number of immigrants return to their homelands. The school system also encounters difficulties. Thus, there are a limited number of special schools in national languages. Despite the fact that schooling is compulsory for all children, including foreign ones, a significant number of the latter do not attend school. No less acute problem is the low level of knowledge of children. At the same time, French families, which belong to the middle class, resort to all sorts of tricks to avoid sending their children to schools with a high percentage of immigrant children. Therefore, French schools are divided into institutions that form elite groups and those that are not prestigious. Both of them are characterized by social or ethnic homogeneity. Immigrants are also a vulnerable category of workers due to the language barrier, low levels of education and training. In this regard, unemployment among foreigners remains stable high. The vast majority of immigrants are employed in low status and low-paid jobs, which French people do not want to do. Racial conflicts have occurred in all spheres of life and activity and been expressed in various forms. The most obvious cases of direct physical impact were beating the colored people, hooligan actions against immigrants and their families. Sometimes, such an attack ends by tragedy: severe injury or death of immigrants. A major role in introducing immigrents to the socio-economic life of the host country belongs to the media. Ethnic newspapers have always played a major role in communication between the immigrants themselves. The same role belongs to the ethnic radio and television. Nevertheless, social media is also used to provide negative image of immigrants in France. Thus, there is number of websites that emphasize on riots and terrorism instead of talking about the treatment of French government towards immigrants. In particular, Kern paid a lot of attention to terrorism, violence, and demonstration among immigrant population. In such a way, the article contributes to the development of negative stereotypes. Moreover, Hargreaves states that French television shows minority ethnic groups as problems (158). Sitcoms, game shows, and other programs contribute to the perception of French people that immigrants do not fit in their community. The recent case deals with terrorist attack on satirical w eekly Charlie Hebdo in the center of Paris. Previously, it suffered from arson after the announcement of the release number called Sharia Ebdo with indicating the Prophet Mohammed as editor. There were no casualties, but the site of the publication was hacked. In conclusion, discrimination and anti-immigrant policy are the fundamental reason for terrorist attacks. France and the entire Europe entered the 2015 completely different. A series of audacious terrorist attacks, which ended by protracted persecution and death of terrorists, forced Western society to face new issues. The challenge that has arisen for French society might be the trigger of more violence or even war if not enough attention is paid to it. Immigrants will be so dissatisfied that they will cause more events similar to burning cars in suburbs and the Charlie Hebdo shootings. The executers of the last attacks were young French citizens, born and bred in this country, who went to a French school, not knowing distant countries. However, they did not manage to find their place in French society due to their ethnicity. Distrust to government policy, deterioration of the socio-economic situation in the country after the economic crisis, negative impact on the living standards, growing problems of integration of Afro-Arab population lead to the radicalization of the views of the French. There is a growth of popularity of right ideologies and parties, primarily the National Front that advocate tightening of immigration policy. As a result, the restrictions, anti-immigration laws, discrimination, and stereotypes cause the growth of dissatisfaction among immigrants, which results in violence and riots. In order to prevent possible increase in terrorism actions and demonstrations, it is important to provide more tolerant politics towards foreigners. In addition, in modern world, everyone should have the same rights no matter what race they belong to or religion they affiliate themselves with.