Philosophy Of Religion Critically Evaluating The...

Philosophy of Religion Critically evaluating the Argument from Design C3182916, Paul Sater, University of Newcastle Callaghan Essay one The Argument from design or also known as the Teleological argument (Telos: Purpose, Teleology: Study of something’s purpose or design) is endowed on the assumption of a God or creator which has intelligently and elegantly designed the universe to such intricate and fine detail. In which argues that something so immaculately designed for example the structural complexity and delegacy of the eye, can only be as a direct result of an intelligent designer or (God). The argument from design is a collection of empirical and inductive arguments that identify characteristics found in natural objects and infer God as the cause. The Argument from design is analogous in nature and can be envisioned through key philosopher William Paley (1743-1809). With his argument of intelligent design acknowledged as the â€Å"classical† statement in coupled with his natural theology (1802). Additionally we will explore other forms of the argument from design in a more contemporary version. These consist of Hugh Ross’ Fine-tuning of the universe in reference to his published book The Creator and the Cosmos (1999), and the explanation of how the theory of evolution by natural selection attempts to account for the rise in complex organisms and natural structures without inferring to the concept of an intelligent designer. Lastly, exploring a critical discussion ofShow MoreRelatedSchoology Essay Example1454 Words   |  6 Pagesartistic works and performances. Students learn to synthesize information from multiple sources, develop their own perspectives in research-based written essays, and design and deliver oral and visual presentations, both individually and as part of a team. Ultimately, the course aims to equip students with the power to analyze and evaluate information with accuracy and precision in order to craft and communicate evidence-based arguments.† Student end of course goals: †¢ Engaging students with rigorousRead MoreThe Contributions Of Descartes And Hume3394 Words   |  14 PagesDescartes and Hume towards the issue of establishing: the existence of God Introduction: Arguments for and against the existence of god have been proposed by philosophers, theologians, scientists and others for thousands of years. In Philosophy, these arguments involve primarily the disciplines of Epistemology and Ontology and can be categorized as metaphysical, logical, empirical, or subjective. 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Excellent prospects are offered to graduates who will work for a small to medium-sized firms whose line of business is not necessarily technical. Our graduates will be able to apply themselves in a variety of tasks and contribute to the overall IT section of the firm. They will design, buildRead MoreConvergence, Divergence or Middle of the Path: Hrm Model6579 Words   |  27 PagesJournal of Management Policy and Practice vol. 12(1) 2011 HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT AT FIRM LEVEL: EVOLVING PARADIGMS Nothing has moved as fast as in the last twenty five years for the discipline of human resource management. It has come a long way from a reactive, bureaucratic people management function (being called as personnel management) to a proactive and strategic human resource management. The shift in the paradigm has been forced by economic, business and socio-political factors but the changedRead MoreEthics And Professional Responsibilities Applied8100 Words   |  33 Pagesfavorable for them to choose to do when they are not obliged to do so (Norman, 2011, p.1). When fraud happens, companies collapse more rapidly than its growth. Collapse resulting from the fraud not only destroys the companies, but also may results the shareholders investments impossible to recover. Many stakeholders will also suffer from the loss due to the fraudulent information. As a result, ethical problems become paramount in business practice. 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It also presented the challenges and directions of the company in its future development in China -1- MA MANAGEMENT DISSERTATION XIAOFENG WEN Acknowledgements Read MorePerformance Appraisal17716 Words   |  71 Pagesis the systematic evaluation of the individual with respect to his or her performance on the job and his or her potential for development. A more comprehensive definition is: Performance appraisal is a formal structured system of measuring and evaluating an employee’s job related behaviors and outcomes to discover how and why the employee is presently performing on the job and how the employee can perform more effectively in the future so that the employee organization and society all benefit. TheRead MoreOrganisational Theory230255 Words   |  922 Pagesdilemmas. The book engages in an imaginative way with a wealth of organizational concepts and theories as well as provides insightful examples from the practical world of organizations. The authors’ sound scholarship and transparent style of writing set the book apart, making it an ingenious read which invites reflexivity, criticalness and pl urality of opinion from the audience. This is a book that will become a classic in organization studies. Mihaela L. Kelemen, Professor of Management Studies, Keele

The Radical Nature of Social Contract Theorists Essay

Man is increasingly intrigued by human nature and how society functions. Because of this interest, there is a plethora of concepts surrounding man and his condition. The social contract, an agreement among individuals where individuals must sacrifice something for protection, is a cornerstone in the operation of society. Over the years, various social contract theorists have worked to understand the ties that bind man. Karl Marx, Charles Darwin, and Friedrich Nietzsche, each felt constrained by their times, and because of this introduced radical concepts surrounding the social contract. Each of the philosophers’ revolutionary concepts challenges power and even though their arguments differ dramatically Nietzsche can be viewed as the most†¦show more content†¦According to Marx’s view of capitalism, every company works to make a profit, because without profit there is no reason to exist. He said that labor is a commodity that carries an exchange value to be trade d for something else, but questioned how profit is made if commodities exchange in equilibrium. His answer was that profit is made when workers are exploited, or work part of the time without pay. Marx believed that if there were no workers there would be no profit and ultimately no capitalism. The issue is that human suffering, however, is good for business according to Marx. People are born into a preexisting system, because the economy forces people into social relations and roles, and because of this, workers truly felt that they would never become free from the capitalist class unless they had the ability to produce a living. Marx found this to be unjust and felt there should be a redistribution of wealth. Marx’s attack on capitalism, however, angered the bourgeois ruling class greatly, and his ideologies caused uproar. Marx was accused of overthrowing private property and capitalism, and leading the proletariat to rebel. He is noted to have caused working class upheaval s and political revolution. Karl Marx’s work was a disturbance to society, which is why heShow MoreRelatedCompare and Contrast Hobbes’s and Locke’s Views of the State of Nature and the Fundamental Purpose of Political Society. Whose View Is the More Plausible? Why?1564 Words   |  7 Pagesthe state of nature and the fundamental purpose of political society. Whose view is the more plausible? Why? Introduction Thomas Hobbes and John Locke were both natural law theorists and social contracts theorists. While most natural law theorists have predominantly been of the opinion that humans are social animals by nature, Locke and Hobbes had a different perspective. Their points of view were remarkably different from those perpetuated by other natural law theorists. On the otherRead MoreThe Tradition Of Dogma And Despotism938 Words   |  4 PagesThroughout the period dubbed the long century between 1685-1815. Scientific, political and philosophical understanding experienced a radical reconstruction. The venerable traditions of dogma and despotism began to be denounced and rebutted. Age-old political institutions became the focal point of intellectual discussion and the ideas developed from these debates formed the fundamental components of modern democracy and Communism. When discussing the Enlightenment, it is worthy to note that it didRead MoreTo What Extent Was The Enlightenment The Main Dri ving Force Behind The American And French Revolutions?1479 Words   |  6 Pagesprinciple cause for these revolutions was the radical ideas of the Enlightenment such as liberty, equality, and popular sovereignty. 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By comparison, Rousseau’s conception portrays liberty as an affair of the entire politicalRead MoreImportance Of Jury Nullification1605 Words   |  7 Pagesof their rights and a complaint was written on the Declaration of Independence regarding this. The history and impact of jury nullification doesn’t stop there. Jury nullification continued and has played and continues to play a role in many moral social issues including crimes against African-Americans and homosexuals, prohibition, war on drugs, and euthanasia. There are two very strong opinions towards jurors here in the United States. The first group have the people who believe that jury nullificationRead MoreThe World Since The 1980s1154 Words   |  5 Pagesengineered to eradicate the global black population (Bratich, 2003). Unfortunately, this theory persists today, albeit marginally, due to ingrained social prejudices and misguided propagation by radical writers and other public figures who apparently endorse it, or at least want to hijack the public fear of it to promote an agenda (Bratich). The non-virus theorists fall into the camps of conspiracy who are convinced the virus was intentionally created and released, and collusion who believe that multipleRead MoreThe Privacy Of An Individual1700 Words   |  7 PagesBritish political theorist Jeremy Bentham once idealized a theory pertaining to an effective and democratic form of government, declaring that, â€Å"it is the greatest good to the greatest number of people which is th e measure of right and wrong.† The privacy of an individual is at its most a fundamental right to which one is entitled. Furthermore, the infringement of an individual’s privacy is rarely justified to any extent, even under circumstances with the purpose of protecting a nation because itRead MoreThe Three Sociologists: Marx, Durheim, and Weber1051 Words   |  5 Pagessuch as inequality and social change, also how they can relate to key events, for example the Olympics the Arab Spring and the 2011 riots. In addition to this how they help our understanding of current societies, times and events. A topic area which all three sociologists Marx, Durkheim and Weber argued and discussed in different views, was social inequality and social structure, all there sociologists had their own theories on what they would class social inequality and social structure as. Paul WattsRead MoreDemocracy As A Form Of Government1885 Words   |  8 PagesMan was born free, and he is everywhere in chains. (â€Å"The Social Contract Book 1†1) These chains symbolize the constant pulls and ties the people have in their every day life. The chains can symbolize: taxes, education, healthcare, democracy, social norms, and political authority. The chains can symbolize anything that makes man more obedient to the state rather than himself. Rousseau opens his book with the question if there is such thing as a legitimate political authority that will work forRead MoreCrime Is a Social Construct1370 Words   |  6 PagesCrime is a social construct Discuss. This composition will look at crime and its different criminological interpretations. Crime is an umbrella word which covers a diverse range of issues and is dependant upon the theoretical stand point of the writer. Although the wordings of the explanations differ, the implications are consistent (Newburn, 2007. Doherty, 2005). Mclaughlin et al (2006) seems the most relevant for the purpose. They separate crime into three key constituent parts. These are harm

System Science and Engineering Management - myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about theSystem Science and Engineering Management for Parramatta. Answer: Introduction In this project, a proposal has been made for the design and development of a light rail system that will be an extension to the existing Inner West Light Rail (also called the L1 Dulwich- Hill Line. The new light rail system will serve the Parramatta region of Western Sydney and is aimed at improving transport in the system and reducing the rising traffic levels in Sydney. The light rail line will run from Carlingford through the central business district of Parramatta and on to Westmead via the Pennant Hills, a distance of 8.6 kilometers (the light rail will be 8.9 km though). This is a major project that will cause significant disruptions, but is ultimately aimed at improving transit times within the slated route and helping with redevelopment and regeneration of various regions along the light rail line. Having made the initial rail transport proposal for the Carlingford-Westmead light rail through Parramatta, this paper is a critical analysis of the proposed design and design co ncepts, along with a detailed analysis of the design for the light rail line. After this introduction, the paper will discuss at length the preliminary design, justifying the design cues used. The design will then actualized and in depth critical analysis of the detailed design and development of the light rail line. This will be followed by an analysis and discussion of the tests for the system, along with its evaluation and optimization of the design. The report will then end with a conclusion Preliminary Design The first area of design is for the track and how it will be laid out; this section will focus only on the design principles for the track and not delve into the materials used for laying the light rail track. In the preliminary design, it is proposed that a series of tangents (straight lines) or rail track be used where permissible, and be joined by arcs and curves in the light rail system. The light rail is aimed at ensuring high speed, but safe transport system (Jingjing, Changjiang Ming 2013) (Vuchic, 2007). The concerns for the design include fast, safe and comfortable city transport, at an affordable cost; the main driver for the design is rapid transport. The light rail system is slated to have up to 15 stop overs along the way, which implies that a lot of time will be lost during scheduled stops along the light rail line. This therefore informs the need for the use of tangents as much as possible along the line. This will ensure that the light trains can achieve high speeds to enable rapid transit and achieve the goal of rapid transportation, while also compensating for the time inevitably lost during scheduled stopovers (Parsons, Brinckerhoff, Quade Douglas, 2012). The tangents will also ensure comfort and safety for the travelers. The curves and arches used to joining the tangents will enable continuity, but inevitably, are areas in which the light rail will lose speed and slow. However, the design principles require that the curves also enable sufficient speed while retaining safety and comfort features (Hoel, Garber Sadek, 2011), (Mitre Corporation, 1996). The minimum curve radius for light rails and railway lines will be maintained along with light rail elevation so as to maintain safe speeds in the curves. The light rail vertical curves are informed by the envisaged safe speed and comfort, along with cost implications and the geographical conditions along the light rail path. Between the tangents and the main curves, transition curves will be incorporated into the design because curves should not suddenly become straight. Instead, transition curves will be incorporated so that there is a gradual increase in radii over time, for a distance of between 40 and 80 meters for lines where maximum speeds of 65 MPH are possible. The transitioning will also be done for elevations and super elevation sections (Laughton Warne, 2003), (Hoel, Garber Sadek, 2011). The stop station lengths are designed based on the existing conditions, including availability of space and the population of the areas the light train will pass through. The desirable length is 75 feet; however, it is not possible however, to have all stations being of this length. Therefore, there will be a minimum station length, along with an absolute minimum length for the light rail line, with the minimum length being 60 feet and the absolute minimum being 45 feet. These have been used because of the need for a safe stop distance and based on an analysis of the specific conditions and the urban context of the light rail system (Hoel, Garber Sadek, 2011). The allocation of the three station length parameters are informed by the following; Requirements by passengers and staff as well as the requirements for facilities Requirements for transfers Requirements for security of the people and the place, as well as the interconnecting public spaces at the designated stations Design considerations are made for pedestrian access and the state of the light rail routes, Vis a Vis pedestrian and vehicular traffic. The station length is also designed based on the platform length and the concourse size. Detailed Design and Development The basic design principles will be observed, starting with the curves and tangents where the minimum radii and transitions curves as well as elevations and vertical curve requirements will be observed. The curves joining the light rail tangents are legislated by the rolling stocks mechanical ability to adjust to the light rail track curvature. The guidelines for the minimum radii of curvature will be governed by the North American standard of minimum radii of 125 meters. However, this will be determined by the prevailing conditions so that the light trains can maintain a speed above 24 km/hr. The proposed light rail is envisaged to operate a top speed of 65 miles per hour (MPH) where this is possible; the train will have an average weight of 54 tons. The force that trains exert on the tracks changes when negotiating curves. For this reason, the design incorporates vertical curves of the light rail line so that the crest curves are not too tight as if this happens; the train may dera il from the track as the track drops beneath it (Sheppard 2015). If the trough is too tight as well, the train can plough downwards into the rails, causing damage/ and or an accident. The vertical curves are therefore designed based on the supporting force principles. The support force [R] the train exerts on the track as a function of its mass [m], radius [r], and speed [v] is governed by the relation; R = mg +- mv2/r The + is for troughs and the for crests. To ensure passenger comfort, the g (the gravitational acceleration) as a ratio to the v2/r, the centripetal acceleration must be kept as small as is possible to ensure passengers don't feel large weight changes (Abe 2004). The proposed design of the power to weight ratio for the light rail is between 9 and 9.5 (HP per ton) The light rails will have a length of about 90 Ft. (articulated) that can carry 160 passengers at one go. The train will use electric propulsion For ease or embarking/ disembarking, the light rail system will be designed to be a low floor train system and have sufficient ground clearance The light rail must observe clearance from other facilities and circuits/ structures, in which case the minimum clearance as stipulated by the Australia Light Rail Regulated Electrical Utility Network Code of 2016. The separations and clearances with regard to other structures must comply with the parts 2 and 3 of Public Safety Utility networks Regulation of 2001 based on the Utilities Act 2000. The overhead electric line designs must also comply with the AS/NZS 7000 section 3 Overhead line designs with the detailed procedures followed and the EN 50122-1 applications for railway, electrical safety, return circuit, and earthing; this is to ensure there are sufficient provisions to protect against electrical shocks. A survey will be undertaken before design and follow the relevant city and national survey rules. System Test, Evaluation and Design Optimization A prototype system will be tested with a small electric train on a small section of the light rail line after it is put in place. Heavy gauge steel will be used for the train lines and tested for safety during operation and hazards. Tests will be done to conform to the Australia Light Rail Regulated Electrical Utility Network Code of 2016. The tests will include electrical safety, electromagnetic interference and compatibility, and stray current, governed by the stray DC (direct current) working group guidelines. Test will also entail conformance to the technical requirements as stipulated by the Australia Light Rail Regulated Electrical Utility Network Code of 2016. Technical analysis will be submitted to authorities with each technical issue referenced and an operating technical certificate will be hopefully given by the technical regular. An emergency plan will be put in place based on the Australia Light Rail Regulated Electrical Utility Network Code of 2016 technical requirements and references (Corbel 2016) Because of the scale of the project and the cost, the design team will use modern design software, including the use of BIM (building information modeling) for the structures and Auto CAD (Mahdjoubi, Brebbia Laing, 2015) as well as simulation and testing software (PLM by Siemens) to evaluate the design and performance before any physical work is done (Madsen 2017). The simulation and other tests and technical assessments based on the design will then be evaluated and adjustments made based on simulation software performance. Adjustments and optimizations will then be undertaken using the design software and design parameters, along with performance based on the simulations. The PLM software will provide near real life simulations for accurate test results. The tests will entail testing of the light rail track, starting from weight and force exerted by the vehicle tests. These will conform to the general and detailed design principles discussed earlier along with performance under different conditions based on the rail design (Madsen Madsen 2017). Special attention will be placed on cornering and speed, as well as vertical curves performance where forces will be measured with respect to the safety and comfort thresholds. This testing phase is crucial in ensuring that the light rail system conforms to existing safety standards and technical requ irements and is designed in such a way that future advancements in vehicle design will not require changing the light rail tracks. Evaluation will look closely at external factors, including existing traffic patterns on the proposed light rail track, its elevation, along with pedestrian traffic and existing facilities and assets such as power and other utility lines. Station access and exit areas, along with the pedestrian access points and existing traffic will be evaluated for conformity to the technical standards. After these steps, test lines and a light electric wagon are used for actual tests based on improved designs after the simulation tests and technical reviews. Tests will be vigorous and any adjustments made before final designs are proposed and made and sent for approval. The extensive tests and technical and performance evaluations are crucial for meeting the objectives of the project of rapid transit between the two areas; Carlingford and Westmead, via Parramatta, in a safe and comfortable manner. The design also takes into consideration cost structures and the desire for a cost effective light rail system that is easy to maintain and manage. The design will incorporate BIM principles and applications for the life-cycle management of the Carlingford-Westmead through Parramatta light rail system (Corbel 2016), (Madsen Madsen 2017). Conclusion A proposal has been made for the construction of a light rail system between Carlingford and Westmead through Parramatta that will have up to 15 stops. The design and detailed design are guided by safety operating principles along with technical requirements and the constraints of time, money, and resources. The proposed general design is to have as many tangents as possible and where inevitable, curves and arches are used the radii and safe turning principles followed. Connecting every curve and tangent will be a transition curve that will also be employed in vertical elevation design. The relation between speed, curve, weight, and force will be used to design the curves and arches. Minimum and absolute minimum requirements for stopping and station designs are to be incorporated. Technical requirements based on the Australia Light Rail Regulated Electrical Utility Network Code of 2016 will be strictly observed and the design tested in a simulated environment using PLM, before adjust ments made. A test section will be built and further tests done, before a final design for the whole length of the rail line is made and relevant certifications sought. It is recommended that this project gets a green light and proceeds to the next phase of design and simulation testing References Abe, M. (2004). The dynamics of vehicles on roads and on tracks: proceedings of the 18th IAVSD symposium held in Kanagawa, Japan, August 24 - 30, 2003. London, Taylor Francis. Corbel, S. (2016). Utilities (Technical Regulation) (Regulated Utility Coordination Code) Approval 2016. [ebook] Sydney: Australian Capital Territory, pp.2-7. Available at: https://www.legislation.act.gov.au/di/2016-18/current/pdf/2016-18.pdf [Accessed 30 Sep. 2017]. Hoel, L. A., Garber, N. J., Sadek, A. W. (2011). Transportation infrastructure engineering: a multimodal integration. Stamford, Cengage Learning. Jingjing, C., Changjiang, Z., Ming, Y. (2013). Research on Rail Transit Network System and its Connection Model in the Metropolitan Area. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences. 96, 1286-1292. Laughton, M. A., Warne, D. F. (2003). Electrical engineer's reference book. Oxford [England], Newnes. Madsen, D. A., Madsen, D. P. (2017). Engineering drawing design. Australia : Cengage Learning Mahdjoubi, L., Brebbia, C., Laing, R. (2015). Building Information Modelling (BIM) in design, construction and operations First International Conference on Building Information Modelling (BIM) in design, construction and operations.WIT transactions on the built environmentv149 Mitre Corporation. (1996). Intelligent transportation infrastructure benefits: expected and experienced. Washington, DC, U.S. Dept. of Transportation. Parsons, Brinckerhoff, Quade Douglas. (2012). Track design handbook for light rail transit. Washington, D.C., Transportation Research Board. Sheppard, M. (2015). Essentials of urban design. Clayton, Vic. CSIRO Publishing Vuchic, V. R. (2007). Urban transit systems and technology. Hoboken, N.J., John Wiley Sons. https://app.knovel.com/hotlink/toc/id:kpTDHLRTEL/track-design-handbook.

Theme Of Beowulf Essays (664 words) - Beowulf, Geats,

Theme of Beowulf The Anglo-Saxons were the members of the Germanic peoples who invaded England, and were there at least the until the time of the Norman Conquest. They were people of their own time, language, and culture. In the Anglo-Saxon adventured filled tale of Beowulf, the hero Beowulf, was considered the modern day superman. His character exemplifies the Germanic hero and consequently the Anglo-Saxon ideal: strong, fearless, bold, loyal, and stoic in his acceptance of fate. With the absence of humility, yet his important role in society and his ideals of chivalry, Beowulf was the definition of a hero in his own time. This novel develops the theme, with honor towards chivalry and faith in yourself, anything can be accomplished. To be a hero in the Anglo-Saxon period, you proved yourself by doing good deeds, showing honor, and exemplifying bravery. But with all of his amazing characteristics, Beowulf had a hard time proving humility. ?You're Beowulf, are you- the same boastful foo! I who fought a swimming match with Brecca, both of you daring and young and proud, exploring the deepest seas, risking your lives for no reason but the danger? All older and wiser heads warned you not to, but no one could check such pride (Beowulf p.39).? This best describes Beowulf as a child, full of pride and not that good at hiding it. ?I fought that beast's last battle, left it floating lifeless in the sea (Beowulf p.40).? Another quote that showed that in his older age, he had no problem expressing how good he was. A Knight, a hero in the near future, was not one to be outspoken of his capabilities as Beowulf, even though they did both have the same roles in society and honor towards chivalry. Two qualities that did make Beo wulf look a lot more heroic, unlike his absence of humility. Beowulf's role in society was almost identical to a Knight. Only, unlike the Knight, Beowulf made the choice to have this role in society. He was considered the strongest warrior around. He could fight anything, and would easily fight for his King and country. When King Hrothgar had trouble in his battle hall Herot, he asked for Beowulf's assistance. With honor and pride, Beowulf gladly accepted the King's plea for help. Many believed he did so because it was considered his role in society. Either way, he fought off the two beasts, Grendle and his mother, and saved Herot. Beowulf knew of his power and strengths and considered this to be his role in society, to serve and protect his country and those in need. This honor is a good example of Beowulf's heroism. With any quality of Beowulf, chivalry was probably his most recognizable. If anything, Beowulf had the up most respect for his King. He loved him and honored him with all his heart. If asked to do anything by the King, Beowulf would accept it with pride. When the King died, it was Beowulf that asked to take over. But with Beowulf's chivalry, he declined because the King's son was the rightful heir. With time, Beowulf did become King, but with his honor towards chivalry, he was looked up to by all his people. Most people would have easily accepted the throne if asked, but Beowulf was strong with his belief towards chivalry. Even if Beowulf did not have humility, his role in society and honor towards his chivalry expressed his beliefs and proved his heroism. The theme, with honor towards chivalry and faith in yourself, anything can be accomplished, is developed in this novel. The Anglo-Saxon ideals of being strong, fearless, bold, and loyal were exactly the qualities Beowulf carried with him. The ideals of heroism vary differently from generation to generation, but with humility, roles in society, and chivalry, you are bound to have similarities with other heroes. With Beowulf, his honor and pride made him a hero of his own time.